Inherent Properties, Identifiers and References
ChemSpider ID: 630
Empirical Formula: C4H6O2
Molecular Weight: 86.0892
Nominal Mass: 86 Da
Average Mass: 86.0892 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 86.036779 Da
Quick Links: Permalink Similar Isomers
Systematic Name: butane-2,3-dione
SMILES: O=C(C(=O)C)C
InChI: InChI=1/C4H6O2/c1-3(5)4(2)6/h1-2H3
InChIKey: QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYAX
(Details...) Wikipedia Article(s)
Diacetyl (IUPAC systematic name: butanedione or 2,3-butanedione) is a natural byproduct of fermentation. It is a vicinal diketone (two C=O groups, side-by-side) with the molecular formula C4H6O2. Diacetyl occurs naturally in alcoholic beverages and is added to some foods to impart a buttery flavor. Read more... or Edit at Wikipedia...
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User Data

  • experimental physchem properties
    • Melting Point: -4 to -2
    • Melting Point: -2 to -4 C
    • Boiling Point: 87-88
    • Boiling Point: 87-88
    • Boiling Point: 88 C
    • Flash Point: 10(50F)
    • Flash Point: 6 C
    • Specific Gravity: 0.983
    • Specific Gravity: 0.975-0.990
    • Refraction Index: 1.3950
    • Refraction Index: 1.393-1.397
  • miscellaneous
    • Appearance: yellow to yellow-green liquid with a powerful, buttery odour in very dilute solution
    • Appearance: liquid with a butter-like odour
    • Stability: Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with acids, strong bases, metals, reducing agents, oxidizing agents. Protect from moisture and water. Notelow flashpoint.
    • Toxicity: ORL-RAT LD50 1580 mg kg-1, ORL-MUS LD50 250 mg kg-1
    • Safety: DANGER: FLAMMABLE, irritates skin and eyes
    • Safety: Safety glasses, adequate ventilation.
Names and Synonyms

Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users, Redirected by Users, Redirect Approved by Experts

2,3-Butan​dione

2,3-Butan​edione

Butan-2,3​-dione

Butane-2,​3-dione

Butanedio​ne [UN234​6]

151677-70​-2 [RN]

2,3-Butad​ione

2,3-Butan​edione (8​CI,9CI)

2,3-Diket​obutane

2,3-Dioxo​butane

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Database ID(s)

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(Details...) Predicted Properties
LogP: ACD/LogP: -1.33
XLogP: -0.20
ALOGPS: 0.07
# of Rule of 5 Violations: 0
ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): -1.33 ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): -1.33
ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1 ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1
ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 4.49 ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 4.49
#H bond acceptors: 2 #H bond donors: 0
#Freely Rotating Bonds: 1 Polar Surface Area: 34.14 Å2
Index of Refraction: 1.381 Molar Refractivity: 20.63 cm3
Molar Volume: 88.8 cm3 Polarizability: 8.18 10-24cm3
Surface Tension: 26.4 dyne/cm Density: 0.969 g/cm3
Flash Point: 5.5 °C Enthalpy of Vaporization: 32.82 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 88 °C at 760 mmHg Vapour Pressure: 62.3 mmHg at 25°C
            
 Log Octanol-Water Partition Coef (SRC):
    Log Kow (KOWWIN v1.67 estimate) =  -1.34
    Log Kow (Exper. database match) =  -1.34
       Exper. Ref:  Hansch,C et al. (1995)

 Boiling Pt, Melting Pt, Vapor Pressure Estimations (MPBPWIN v1.42):
    Boiling Pt (deg C):  117.70  (Adapted Stein & Brown method)
    Melting Pt (deg C):  -41.70  (Mean or Weighted MP)
    VP(mm Hg,25 deg C):  70.2  (Mean VP of Antoine & Grain methods)
    MP  (exp database):  -2.4 deg C
    BP  (exp database):  88 deg C
    VP  (exp database):  5.68E+01 mm Hg at 25 deg C

 Water Solubility Estimate from Log Kow (WSKOW v1.41):
    Water Solubility at 25 deg C (mg/L):  1e+006
       log Kow used: -1.34 (expkow database)
       no-melting pt equation used
     Water Sol (Exper. database match) =  2e+005 mg/L (15 deg C)
        Exper. Ref:  YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)

 Water Sol Estimate from Fragments:
    Wat Sol (v1.01 est) =  95653 mg/L
    Wat Sol (Exper. database match) =  200000.00
       Exper. Ref:  YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)

 ECOSAR Class Program (ECOSAR v0.99h):
    Class(es) found:
       Neutral Organics

 Henrys Law Constant (25 deg C) [HENRYWIN v3.10]:
   Bond Method :   1.97E-007  atm-m3/mole
   Group Method:   Incomplete
   Exper Database: 1.33E-05  atm-m3/mole
 Henrys LC [VP/WSol estimate using EPI values]:  7.952E-006 atm-m3/mole

 Log Octanol-Air Partition Coefficient (25 deg C) [KOAWIN v1.10]:
  Log Kow used:  -1.34  (exp database)
  Log Kaw used:  -3.265  (exp database)
      Log Koa (KOAWIN v1.10 estimate):  1.925
      Log Koa (experimental database):  None

 Probability of Rapid Biodegradation (BIOWIN v4.10):
   Biowin1 (Linear Model)         :   0.7066
   Biowin2 (Non-Linear Model)     :   0.8565
 Expert Survey Biodegradation Results:
   Biowin3 (Ultimate Survey Model):   3.0089  (weeks       )
   Biowin4 (Primary Survey Model) :   3.7235  (days-weeks  )
 MITI Biodegradation Probability:
   Biowin5 (MITI Linear Model)    :   0.4568
   Biowin6 (MITI Non-Linear Model):   0.5198
 Anaerobic Biodegradation Probability:
   Biowin7 (Anaerobic Linear Model):  0.6769
 Ready Biodegradability Prediction:   NO

Hydrocarbon Biodegradation (BioHCwin v1.01):
    Structure incompatible with current estimation method!

 Sorption to aerosols (25 Dec C)[AEROWIN v1.00]:
  Vapor pressure (liquid/subcooled):  7.57E+003 Pa (56.8 mm Hg)
  Log Koa (Koawin est  ): 1.925
   Kp (particle/gas partition coef. (m3/ug)):
       Mackay model           :  3.96E-010 
       Octanol/air (Koa) model:  2.07E-011 
   Fraction sorbed to airborne particulates (phi):
       Junge-Pankow model     :  1.43E-008 
       Mackay model           :  3.17E-008 
       Octanol/air (Koa) model:  1.65E-009 

 Atmospheric Oxidation (25 deg C) [AopWin v1.92]:
   Hydroxyl Radicals Reaction:
      OVERALL OH Rate Constant =   0.2040 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec
      Half-Life =    52.431 Days (12-hr day; 1.5E6 OH/cm3)
   Ozone Reaction:
      No Ozone Reaction Estimation
   Fraction sorbed to airborne particulates (phi): 2.3E-008 (Junge,Mackay)
    Note: the sorbed fraction may be resistant to atmospheric oxidation

 Soil Adsorption Coefficient (PCKOCWIN v1.66):
      Koc    :  1
      Log Koc:  0.000 

 Aqueous Base/Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis (25 deg C) [HYDROWIN v1.67]:
    Rate constants can NOT be estimated for this structure!

 Bioaccumulation Estimates from Log Kow (BCFWIN v2.17):
   Log BCF from regression-based method = 0.500 (BCF = 3.162)
       log Kow used: -1.34 (expkow database)

 Volatilization from Water:
    Henry LC:  1.33E-005 atm-m3/mole  (Henry experimental database)
    Half-Life from Model River:      41.79  hours   (1.741 days)
    Half-Life from Model Lake :      533.7  hours   (22.24 days)

 Removal In Wastewater Treatment:
    Total removal:               2.57  percent
    Total biodegradation:        0.09  percent
    Total sludge adsorption:     1.74  percent
    Total to Air:                0.74  percent
      (using 10000 hr Bio P,A,S)

 Level III Fugacity Model:
           Mass Amount    Half-Life    Emissions
            (percent)        (hr)       (kg/hr)
   Air       10.2            1.08e+003    1000       
   Water     44.7            360          1000       
   Soil      45              720          1000       
   Sediment  0.0819          3.24e+003    0          
     Persistence Time: 354 hr